Bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic depression, is a mental illness characterized by significant mood fluctuations that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). You may feel gloomy or hopeless when you are depressed, and you may lose interest or pleasure in most activities. As your mood switches to mania or hypomania (a milder form of mania), you may feel ecstatic, energized, or particularly irritable. Sleep, energy, activity, judgment, conduct, and the ability to think clearly can all be affected by mood fluctuations. Mood swings might occur infrequently or frequently throughout the year. While most people will experience some emotional symptoms in between bouts, some will not. Although bipolar disorder is a chronic illness, you can control your mood swings and other symptoms by adhering to a treatment plan. Bipolar disorder is typically treated with medicines and psychological counseling (psychotherapy).
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